语法复习十八：冠 词

       考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

       当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

       ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths

⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）

⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.
　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）
　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）

② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.

2. ---- What happened?         ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a   B. an       C. the      D. every

8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

9. ____ water is ____ liquid.        A. The, a        B. A, a           C. /, /             D. /, a

10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal.          A. The, the     B. The, a        C. The, an      D. /, a

14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life.              A. The, the     B. The, a C. The, /      D. /, the

16. The soldier died during ____ World War I.           A. the     B. the first      C. /         D. a

17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

18. Alice is ____ of the two girls.        A. taller         B. the tall              C. more tall    D. the taller

19. ---- Can your sister play ____?              ---- No, but she can play ____.

20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.             

A. front                 B. the front            C. a front                    D. instead

21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you.            A. a        B. the      C. an       D. /

25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?   

A. man                  B. the man             C. a man               D. men

26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank.        A. a B. an  C. the  D./

27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China.         A. A              B. The     C. /         D. That

28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil.        A. with          B. in                     C. in a            D. use a

30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

练习（二）、冠 词

1. ---You mean you know the man?      　---I know________ man exactly like him.
　　 A. other 　         B. the 　                     C. / 　                  D. a
2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
　　 A. a, / 　            B. the, / 　           C. a, the　             D. the, the
3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
　　 A. a, a 　            B. the, a 　           C. /, / 　               D. /, a
4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
　　 A. a,/, the 　              B. a,/, / 　            C. the, the, the　    D. the, an, an
5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
　　 A. the, the 　      B. the, / 　           C. the, a　             D. /, a
6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.
　　 A. /, / 　             B. his, his 　         C. the, the　          D. an, his
7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.
　　 A. the, / 　         B. /, / 　               C. /, a 　                     D. the, the
8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.
　　 A. a, the 　         B. a, / 　                     C. the, a　             D. the, the
9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?
　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　              C. the, a, the　      D. the, the, a
10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.
　　 A. the, a 　         B. /, / 　               C. a, a　               D. /, a
11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.
　　 A. the, a 　         B. a, a 　              C. the, / 　           D. the, /
12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?
 　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?
　　 A. a, a 　            B. a, the 　           C. the, a 　           D. the, the
13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
　　 A. /, / 　             B. the, the 　        C. a, / 　                     D./, the
14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?
 　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.
　　 A. a, a 　            B. the, the 　        C. a, the　             D. the, a
15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.
　　 A. a, the, the 　   B. a,/,the 　          C. /,/,the 　          D. /,/,a
16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.
　　 A. an, a 　          B. /, the 　           C. the, a 　           D. the, /
17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?
 　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.
　　 A. a, a 　            B. the, a 　           C. a, / 　                     D. the, /

18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.
　　 A. the, the 　      B. a, a 　              C. a, / 　                     D. the, /
19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.
　　 A. the, a 　         B. /, the 　           C. /, / 　               D. the, /
20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.
　　 A. /, a 　            B. the, / 　           C. /, the 　           D. the, the
21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.
　　 A. the dress 　    B. a dress 　         C. dress 　            D. the dresses
22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition?             　---Oh, it was ____ success.
　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　 C. How, / 　         D. What, quite a
23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.
　　 A. /,/,the 　        B. a,/,/ 　             C. a, the,/　           D. /,the, the
24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.
　　 A. /, the, a 　      B. a, /, the 　        C. a, a, the 　              D. a, the, the
25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.
　　 A. /, / 　             B. /, a 　                     C. the, / 　           D. /, the
26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.
 　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?
　　 A. a, the 　         B. the, a 　           C. the, the 　        D. a, a
27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.
　　 A. a, a 　            B. /, / 　               C. a, the 　           D. a, /
28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.
　　 A. a, the 　         B. a, / 　                     C. the, an　           D. the, the
29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.
　　 A. /, / 　             B. a, a 　              C. the, /　             D. the, the
30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?
 　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.
　　 A. the, the, / 　   B. the, the, a 　     C. /, the, a　          D. /, the, /

31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)
　　 A./;　                 B. a　                   C. the　                D. one
32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.
　　 A./;/　                B. the ; the　         C. the; /　             D./;the （ MET1991 11）
33. ---Where's jack ?             ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
　   A./; /　               B. the; the　          C. the; /　             D./; the （ MET1992 36）
34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.
　   A. the ; the　              B./; /　                 C. the; /　             D./; the （MET 1993 19）
35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
　　 A. the; the　        B. the ; /　            C. a; /　                D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）
36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?
　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）
37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.
　　 A. a; /　                     B. the; an　           C. the; the　          D./;the （NMET 1996 13）
38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.
　　 A. the ; /　          B. the; the　          C./; the　                     D./; /（NMET 1999 8）
39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .

A.90s; their　           B. the 90s; /　              C.90s; /                 D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）
40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.
　　 A. the; a　           B./; a　                 C. the ; the　         D./; the (NMET2000 10)

41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.
　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)
　　 A. a; the　           B. the; the　          C. the ; a　            D. a; a
42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.
　　 A./; a　               B. the; /　             C./; /　                 D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)
43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)
　　 A. a; the　           B. the ;不填　              C. the; the　          D. was killing
44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)
　　 A./;the　             B./;an　                C. an; an　            D. the; the

45. ---I don't like_____New York at all.              　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.
　　 A. the, the 　      B. /, the 　           C. the, / 　           D. /, a